For thousands of Afghans rescued from their homeland, the terror of life under the Taliban is over.
But many more refugees are still stuck in the UK, a country they say does not recognise their fear of persecution, and they risk being sent back to a homeland they feel is unsafe.
Wrya Dara, 30, is one, an Iraqi Kurd whose plight is largely ignored by society.
Three years ago he handed over one thousand US dollars (about £720) to smugglers at Kurdistan’s border with Turkey and climbed into a refrigerated lorry container not knowing where he was or where he was going.
Three thousand miles later a police officer eventually opened the doors and told the dozen migrants inside: “This is England. UK.”
Blinking in the first light he had seen for days, Mr Dara , a university graduate, had never asked to come to the UK and has since been denied leave to remain.
Many Kurds say the West does not know how bad the situation is in Kurdistan, where the government control much of the media and journalists are sometimes jailed.
Mr Dara has campaigned for human rights in Kurdistan since coming to the UK in January 2018, activism he says is enough to ensure he would be a target if he returned.
“If they send me back that will be like murdering me or something,” he said.
He fled after the terrorist group calling itself Islamic State invaded northern Iraq, who were then defeated by Iraqi government-backed Shia militias in October 2017, in the oil-rich city of Kirkuk.
Since then he has not heard from his father, mother, two brothers or sister and the Red Cross have been unable to locate them.
Mr Dara, whose first language is Kurdish, said: “I don’t know what happened to them. There is no authority there, the situation is getting really, really bad, killing people is a normal thing, daily happenings.”
Detained near London, he was held in Croydon, then stayed in an immigration hostel in Liverpool and is now living in Salford.
The Home Office told him if he cannot go back to Kurdistan he could go to Baghdad, Iraq, instead, which is not Kurdish and where he knows no-one.
Banned from working, claiming benefits or education he relies on the charity of other Kurds in the UK as he tries to find out what happened to his family and raise awareness of what is going on at home.
Home Secretary Priti Patel has put forward sweeping reforms of the asylum system but campaigners have criticised the plans, which include making it a criminal offence to arrive in the UK without permission, with tougher sentences for people smugglers.
Akam Ali, 25, crossed from Turkey to Greece crammed into a small boat and was imprisoned once he arrived.
He said: “I stayed in jail for two months because they say, ‘You are coming to this country illegally’. I say, ‘I’m running from war. You want me to get a passport? A jacket? I’m running from war’.”
“I’d never been abroad. Sometimes it’s not in your hands. If you pay a smuggler they are going to put you in a truck and you don’t know where you go, you’ve never been here, you’ve never been in Europe.
“You don’t know where you are going because it is not legal.”
His plea for asylum has not been accepted.
He lived alone in Stockton-on-Tees for two years, feeling lonely and “ashamed” at his lack of English, desperate just for someone to talk to.
Mr Ali, who now lives in Rochdale, said: “Being an immigrant is not easy, some people, not only English, German people, all the other countries that have got immigrants, they think, you sitting and taking benefits and you just want to use the country.
“It’s not like this. Believe me, it’s really tough. Not easy at all.
“I never ever wished to be an immigrant but when you have nothing, you have to leave your country, your parents, you leave everything, friends, it is not easy.”
Mr Ali values the religious and political freedom in the UK; he wants a job and family but is allowed neither as he waits in immigration limbo.
He added: “I’m just a human being like everyone else. Even listening, that means so much.
“I really appreciate listening to us.”
As of March 2021, the total “work in progress” asylum caseload consisted of 109,000 cases, according to House of Commons Library statistics.
Of these, 52,000 cases were awaiting an initial decision at the end of 2020, 5,200 were awaiting the outcome of an appeal, and approximately 41,600 cases were subject to removal action.
A Home Office spokeswoman said: “The UK has a proud record of providing protection to the most vulnerable people in need of our protection.
“If an individual is found to have a well-founded fear of persecution they will normally be granted protection in the UK, and no-one at real risk of persecution or serious harm in their country will be expected to return there.”
Related: Watch: ‘They will just kill me’ – Interpreter hiding in Afghanistan pleads for help
